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The Supreme Law of Nepal

Constitution of Nepal 2072 — Full Text

The Constitution of Nepal 2072 (2015 AD) is the supreme law of Nepal, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on September 20, 2015. It establishes Nepal as a federal democratic republic with seven provinces. Browse the full text below, or ask Ghanti AI about any provision in plain language.

Part 1: Preliminary

  1. Constitution as the fundamental law
  2. Sovereignty and state authority
  3. Nation
  4. State of Nepal
  5. National interest
  6. Languages of the nation
  7. Official language
  8. National flag
  9. National anthem etc

Part 2: Citizenship

  1. Not to deprive of citizenship
  2. To be citizens of Nepal
  3. Citizenship with identity of descent and gender
  4. Acquisition, reacquisition and termination of citizenship
  5. Power to grant non-resident Nepalese citizenship
  6. Other provisions relating to citizenship of Nepal

Part 3: Fundamental Rights and Duties

  1. Right to live with dignity
  2. Right to freedom
  3. Right to equality
  4. Right to communication
  5. Rights relating to justice
  6. Right of victim of crime
  7. Right against torture
  8. Right against preventive detention
  9. Right against untouchability and discrimination
  10. Right relating to property
  11. Right to freedom of religion
  12. Right to information
  13. Right to privacy
  14. Right against exploitation
  15. Right to clean environment
  16. Right relating to education
  17. Right to language and culture
  18. Right to employment
  19. Right to labour
  20. Right relating to health
  21. Right relating to food
  22. Right to housing
  23. Rights of women
  24. Rights of the child
  25. Rights of Dalit
  26. Rights of senior citizens
  27. Right to social justice
  28. Right to social security
  29. Rights of the consumer
  30. Right against exile
  31. Right to constitutional remedies
  32. Implementation of fundamental rights
  33. Duties of citizens

Part 4: Directive Principles, Policies and Obligations of the State

  1. To be guiding principles
  2. Directive principles
  3. Policies of the State
  4. Obligations of the State
  5. To submit report
  6. Provisions relating to monitoring
  7. Questions not to be raised in court

Part 5: Structure of State and Distribution of State Power

  1. Structure of State
  2. Distribution of State power
  3. Residual powers
  4. Exercise of financial powers
  5. Distribution of sources of revenue

Part 6: President and Vice-President

  1. President
  2. Election of President
  3. Term of office of President
  4. Qualification for President
  5. Vacation of office of President
  6. Functions, duties and powers of President
  7. Vice-President
  8. Vacation of office of Vice-president
  9. Other provisions relating to Vice-President
  10. President and Vice-President to be from different sex or community
  11. Oath by President and Vice-President
  12. Remuneration and facilities of President and Vice-President
  13. Office of President and Vice-President

Part 7: Federal Executive

  1. Form of government
  2. Executive power
  3. Constitution of Council of Ministers
  4. Vacation of office of Prime Minister and Minister
  5. Non-member of Federal Parliament to be Minister
  6. Remuneration and other facilities of Prime Minister and Ministers
  7. Oath
  8. To inform President
  9. Transaction of business of Government of Nepal

Part 8: Federal Legislature

  1. Federal Legislature
  2. Composition of House of Representatives
  3. Term of House of Representatives
  4. Composition of National Assembly and term of office of its members
  5. Qualification for member
  6. Oath
  7. Vacation of seat
  8. Decision as to disqualification of member
  9. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of House of Representatives
  10. Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of National Assembly
  11. Summoning and prorogation of session
  12. Quorum
  13. Address by President
  14. Deputy Prime Minister, Minister, Minister of State and Assistant Minister
  15. Formation of committees
  16. Transaction of business in case of vacancy in seat of member
  17. Voting
  18. Provisions relating to vote of confidence and motion of no-confidence
  19. Impeachment
  20. Penalty for unauthorized presence or voting
  21. Privileges
  22. Procedures relating to conduct of business
  23. Restriction on discussion
  24. Secretary General and Secretary of Federal Parliament
  25. Secretariat of Federal Parliament
  26. Remuneration

Part 9: Federal Legislative Procedures

  1. Legislative powers of Federal Parliament
  2. Procedures for introduction of Bills
  3. Procedures for passage of Bills
  4. Withdrawal of Bills
  5. Assent on Bills
  6. Provisions relating to Ordinance

Part 10: Federal Financial Procedures

  1. No tax to be levied or loan to be raised
  2. Federal Consolidated Fund
  3. Expenditures from Consolidated Fund or Government Fund
  4. Expenditures chargeable on Federal Consolidated Fund
  5. Estimates of revenues and expenditures
  6. Appropriation Act
  7. Supplementary estimates
  8. Votes on account
  9. Votes of credit
  10. Federal contingency fund
  11. Act relating to financial procedures

Part 11: Judiciary

  1. Courts to exercise powers relating to justice
  2. Courts
  3. Supreme Court
  4. Appointment and qualification of Chief Justice of Nepal and Judges of
  5. Conditions of service and facilities of Chief Justice and Judges
  6. Vacation of office of Chief Justice or Judge of Supreme Court
  7. Chief Justice and Judges of Supreme Court not to be engaged in any other
  8. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
  9. Power to transfer of cases
  10. Not to be engaged in practice of law
  11. Responsibility of Chief Justice
  12. Formation of Constitutional Bench
  13. Annual report
  14. High Courts
  15. Appointment and qualification of Chief Judge and Judges of High Court
  16. Conditions of service and facilities of Chief Judge and Judges
  17. Vacation of office of Chief Judge or Judge
  18. Chief Judge and Judges not to be engaged in any other office and provisions
  19. Jurisdiction of High Court
  20. Power to transfer cases
  21. To be engaged in practice of law
  22. Responsibility of Chief Judge
  23. District Courts
  24. Appointment, qualification, remuneration and other conditions of service of
  25. District Judges not to be engaged in any other office and provisions relating to
  26. Jurisdiction of District Court
  27. Specialized courts
  28. Judicial Council
  29. Judicial Service Commission
  30. Provisions relating to conditions of service and facilities
  31. Provisions relating to State Judicial Service Commission

Part 12: Attorney General

  1. Attorney General
  2. Functions, duties and powers of Attorney General
  3. Annual report
  4. Chief Attorney
  5. Provisions relating to conditions of service and facilities

Part 13: State Executive

  1. Executive power of State
  2. Provisions relating to Chief of State
  3. Qualification for Chief of State
  4. Vacation of office of Chief of State
  5. Functions, duties and powers of Chief of State
  6. Oath by Chief of State
  7. Constitution of State Council of Ministers
  8. Vacation of office of Chief Minister and Minister
  9. Appointment of non-member of State Assembly as Minister
  10. Remuneration and other Facilities of Chief Minister and Minister
  11. Oath
  12. To give information to Chief of State
  13. Transaction of business of State Government

Part 14: State Legislature

  1. State Legislature
  2. Composition of State Assembly
  3. Term of State Assembly
  4. Qualification for member of State Assembly
  5. Oath of member of State Assembly
  6. Vacation of seat of member of State Assembly
  7. Decision as to disqualification of member
  8. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of State Assembly
  9. Summoning and prorogation of session of State Assembly
  10. Address by Chief of State
  11. Quorum of State Assembly
  12. Voting in State Assembly
  13. Privileges of State Assembly
  14. Provisions relating to vote of confidence and motion of no-confidence
  15. Minister, Minister of State and Assistant Minister entitled to take part in
  16. Penalty for unauthorized presence or voting in State Assembly
  17. Restriction on discussion
  18. Transaction of business in case of vacancy in seat of member
  19. Power of State Assembly to form committees
  20. Procedures relating to conduct of business of State Assembly
  21. Secretary and Secretariat of State Assembly
  22. Remuneration

Part 15: State Legislative Procedures

  1. Legislative powers of State Assembly
  2. Procedures for introduction of Bills in State Assembly
  3. Procedures for passage of Bills
  4. Withdrawal of Bills
  5. Assent on Bills
  6. Ordinance

Part 16: State Financial Procedures

  1. No tax to be levied or loan to be raised
  2. State Consolidated Fund
  3. Expenditures from State Consolidated Fund or State Government Fund
  4. Expenditures chargeable on State Consolidated Fund
  5. Estimates of revenues and expenditures
  6. State Appropriation Act
  7. Supplementary estimates
  8. Votes on Account
  9. Votes of Credit
  10. State Contingency Fund
  11. Act relating to financial procedures

Part 17: Local Executive

  1. Executive power of Local Level
  2. Provisions relating to Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of Village Executive
  3. Provisions relating to Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Municipal Executive
  4. Judicial Committee
  5. Conduct of business of Village Executive and Municipal Executive
  6. Other provisions relating to Local Level Executive
  7. District Assembly and District Coordination Committee

Part 18: Local Legislature

  1. Legislative powers of Local Level
  2. Composition of Village Assembly
  3. Composition of Municipal Assembly
  4. Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of Village Assembly and Municipal
  5. Term of Village Assembly and Municipal Assembly
  6. Powers to make law
  7. Other provisions relating to Village Assembly and Municipal Assembly

Part 19: Local Financial Procedures

  1. No tax to be levied or loan to be raised
  2. Local Consolidated Fund
  3. Estimates of revenues and expenditures of Village Body and Municipality

Part 20: Interrelations between Federation, State and Local Level

  1. Legislative interrelations between Federation and States
  2. Relations between Federation, State and Local level
  3. Relations between States
  4. Inter-State Council
  5. Coordination between Federation, State and Local Level
  6. Inter-State trade
  7. Not to affect jurisdiction of Constitutional Bench of Supreme Court

Part 21: Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority

  1. Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority
  2. Functions, duties and powers of the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse

Part 22: Auditor General

  1. Auditor General
  2. Functions, duties and powers of Auditor-General

Part 23: Public Service Commission

  1. Public Service Commission
  2. Functions, duties and powers of the Public Service Commission
  3. Provisions relating to State Public Service Commission

Part 24: Election Commission

  1. Election Commission
  2. Functions, duties and powers of the Election Commission
  3. To provide necessary assistance to Election Commission

Part 25: National Human Rights Commission

  1. National Human Rights Commission
  2. Functions, duties and powers of National Human Rights Commission

Part 26: National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission

  1. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission
  2. Functions, duties and powers of National Natural Resources and Fiscal

Part 27: Other Commissions

  1. National Women Commission
  2. Functions, duties and powers of National Women Commission
  3. Powers to establish offices in States
  4. National Dalit Commission
  5. Functions, duties and powers of National Dalit Commission
  6. Powers to establish offices in States
  7. National Inclusion Commission
  8. Functions, duties and powers of National Inclusion Commission
  9. Powers to establish offices in States
  10. Indigenous Nationalities Commission
  11. Madhesi Commission
  12. Tharu Commission
  13. Muslim Commission
  14. Review of Commissions

Part 28: Provisions Relating to National Security

  1. National Security Council
  2. Provisions relating to Nepal Army
  3. Provisions Relating to Nepal Police, Armed Police Force, Nepal and National

Part 29: Provisions Relating to Political Parties

  1. Formation, registration and operation of political parties
  2. Prohibition on imposition of restrictions on political parties
  3. Registration required for securing recognition for the purpose of contesting
  4. Other provisions relating to political parties

Part 30: Emergency Power

  1. Emergency power

Part 31: Amendment to the Constitution

  1. Amendment to Constitution

Part 32: Miscellaneous

  1. Provisions relating to referendum
  2. Pardons
  3. Titles, honours and decorations
  4. Power to make treaties
  5. Ratification of, accession to, acceptance of, or approval of, treaties or
  6. Special provision relating to discharge of functions of President
  7. Appraisal and review of special rights
  8. Ambassadors and special emissaries
  9. Appointments to be made in accordance with inclusive principle
  10. Provisions relating to Constitutional Council
  11. Constitution of government service
  12. Election Constituency Delimitation Commission
  13. Language Commission
  14. Capital
  15. Special provision relating to citizenship of officials
  16. Provisions relating to Guthi (trusts)
  17. Not to be qualified for appointment
  18. Provisions relating to parliamentary hearings
  19. Monitoring of functioning of Constitutional Bodies
  20. Annual reports of Constitutional Bodies

Part 33: Transitional Provisions

  1. Constitution of Federal Commission
  2. Constituent Assembly to be converted into Legislature-Parliament
  3. Provisions relating to the President and the Vice-President
  4. Provisions relating to formation of Council of Ministers
  5. Provisions relating to Speaker and Deputy Speaker
  6. Provisions relating to Judiciary
  7. Provisions relating to Constitutional Bodies and officials thereof
  8. Formation and operation of government services at State and Local levels
  9. Provisions relating to Local Bodies
  10. Existing laws to remain in force
  11. Power to remove difficulties

Part 34: Definitions and Interpretations

  1. Definitions and interpretations

Part 35: Short Title, Commencement and Repeal

  1. Short title and commencement
  2. Repeal

Schedules

  1. Schedule 1
  2. Schedule 2
  3. Schedule 3
  4. Schedule 4
  5. Schedule 5
  6. Schedule 6
  7. Schedule 7
  8. Schedule 8
  9. Schedule 9
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